In 1991, scientists discovered a 5,300-year-old mummy named Ӧtzi the Iceman in the Italian Alps. Amazingly, some of Ӧtzi’s possessions were preserved along with him, including a leather pouch with supplies for his mountain journey. What was in the pouch? Tools, weapons, and pieces of a birch polypore mushroom.[1, 2]
Why has this mushroom withstood more than five millennia of use? Far from just a tasty ingredient in your favorite recipe, edible fungi like the birch polypore mushroom offer a wide variety of health benefits — from immune system-boosting to soothing the gut to providing a boost of energy. Let’s dig into some of the ways this fantastic fungus can improve your health and wellness.
What Is the Birch Polypore Mushroom?
Also known as birch bracket or razor strop, the birch polypore mushroom got its name because it grows from dead birch wood, but not on living trees.[3] Scientifically, it’s called Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus). The mushroom’s tough and woody fruiting body — the cushiony-looking part of the mushroom that grows out of wood like a pancake — is usually tan or greyish-brown in color.[3]
As with other bracket fungi mushrooms, the birch polypore’s fruiting body is kidney-shaped like a shelf or bracket.[3] Its mycelium, the threadlike tubes that branch out on a fungus, are white and downy.[3] They're called "polypore" mushrooms because they have many small pores on the white undersurface where the spores come from. After the mushroom releases its spores, the undersurface turns black and is no longer good to use or eat.
You can find these unique mushrooms in northern temperate forests throughout North America, Europe, and Asia.[3] Cultures around the world value them both as a source of nutrition and as an herbal remedy.[3] Some believe that tea made with the fruiting bodies can strengthen the weak and soothe the stressed.[4]
The birch polypore also contains essential fatty acids, including alpha-linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitooleic acid, as well as agaric acid that was traditionally used to stop harmful organisms.[5] Mushrooms, including this one, are some of the few plant-based natural sources of vitamin D.[5]
Modern science supports the traditional use of the birch polypore mushroom to promote wellness. Ӧtzi the Iceman (not to be confused with Wim Hof the Iceman) was onto something!
Benefits of the Birch Polypore
The birch polypore mushroom contains bioactive substances that can provide benefits throughout the body. Here are some of those benefits.
Boosts the Immune System
If you’re looking to add immune-boosting nutrition to your wellness plan, mushrooms like the birch polypore are a great place to start. Like many other mushrooms, the birch polypore has a long history of use for enhancing immunity.[6]
Birch polypore mushroom extract can cause a strong increase in the release of interferon-gamma (IFNγ), a cytokine that helps your immune system respond to invaders.[6] Birch polypore also protects monocytes, white blood cells made in the bone marrow.[6]
Birch polypore extract appears to boost the secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8), a substance that promotes immune cell growth. The bottom line is that the birch polypore can support a healthy immune system.
Soothes the Gut
A healthy digestive system is key to overall wellness, so it’s important to provide yours with nutritional support. People have long used the birch polypore mushroom as an herbal remedy for gastrointestinal concerns. It promotes regular bowel movements and can even ease stomach discomfort.[5]
Mushrooms, in general, help keep your gastrointestinal system balanced. They can act as prebiotics, providing beneficial bacteria in your gut with fuel and food. Having enough of the right kinds of good bacteria prevents other microbes like Candida albicans yeast and harmful bacteria from going overboard. This maintains gut balance and protects against illness.[7]
Deters Harmful Organisms
Not only does birch polypore promote the health of your microbiome, but it actually can deter the harmful organisms in the gut — and elsewhere in the body. Birch polypore and other basidiomycetes mushrooms may be able to slow or stop the growth of many harmful organisms in lab conditions, with more research needed on how it works in the body.[3]
What gives the birch polypore mushroom the ability to deter harmful organisms? This mushroom is so rich in bioactive substances that it’s hard to pinpoint which one is behind this particular health-boosting power, but experts believe it could be its triterpenoids.[3]
Prevents Overactive Cell Proliferation
When harmful cells begin to grow in the body, they can be hard to stop. Studies suggest that the birch polypore mushroom contains substances that may help to prevent the proliferation of these harmful cells, namely its triterpenes.[5]
Extracts made from birch polypore mushroom can stop the proliferation of harmful or irregular cells. This can keep them from multiplying and spreading.[5] These extracts appear to counteract harmful cells affecting the skin, colon, and prostate.[5]
Reduces Redness & Swelling
Birch polypore mushrooms promote a normal response to inflammation in the body. While temporary redness and swelling are a normal part of the body’s immune response, the long-term effects of inflammation can lead to health issues. Anti-inflammatory substances can help when redness and swelling are chronic.
The birch polypore mushroom may inhibit enzymes that contribute to systemic redness and swelling.[3] Compounds called phenolic acids in the fruiting bodies and mycelium of birch polypore mushrooms may also reduce redness and swelling, thanks to their antioxidant properties.[5] Antioxidants prevent oxidative damage, which contributes to redness and swelling throughout the body — not to mention aging and disease.
Ways to Use the Birch Polypore Mushroom
There are several ways to reap the nutritional and wellness-boosting benefits of the birch polypore mushroom. Here are some of them.
Fresh Mushrooms
While you can harvest fresh mushrooms from the wild, we recommend you should never attempt this unless you’re accompanied by an expert mushroom hunter and taxonomist who can identify them for you. Many edible mushrooms bear a strong resemblance to other, poisonous varieties, and harvesting the wrong one could be deadly.
Dried Mushrooms, Powder, & Capsules
Dried birch polypore mushrooms are another option for use. The dried mushrooms can also be made into a powder that can be dissolved in liquid or put into empty vegetarian capsules. Make sure to buy organic supplements from reputable companies who take care with their supply chain and production process.
Mushroom Tea
You can make birch polypore immuno-enhancing tea by steeping fresh or dried mushrooms in hot water. You may also dissolve mushroom powder in water to make tea.
Herbal Extracts
In the tradition of infusions, herbal extracts made with birch polypore provide healing benefits in a concentrated form. You can find extracts or infusions of birch polypore alone or an extract with other ingredients. I recommend Global Healing’s Immune Boost formula, a Raw Herbal Extract™ featuring birch polypore along with elderberry, echinacea, olive leaf extract, and another mushroom — enokitake.
Points to Remember
Ӧtzi the Iceman knew what he was doing when he packed his pouch with birch polypore mushroom pieces. This fantastic fungus grows on birch trees and has been used for thousands of years to support wellness.
The birch polypore mushroom may boost the immune system and soothe gastrointestinal issues. It can also deter harmful organisms and prevent damaging cells from proliferating. And birch polypore mushrooms might be able to reduce redness and swelling throughout the body, thus promoting a normal response to inflammation.
You can use the birch polypore mushroom in several different ways. It can be harvested from the wild (under expert guidance), enjoyed dried and powdered, or brewed into a tea or as an herbal extract. Try Immune Boost Bundle, a potent and concentrated option for getting the benefits of the birch polypore mushroom.
References (7)
- Wierer U, et al. The Iceman's lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use. PLoS One. 2018;13(6):e0198292.
- Stamets P, Zwickey H. Medicinal mushrooms: Ancient remedies meet modern science. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014;13(1):46-47.
- Pleszczyńska M, et al. Fomitopsis betulina (formerly Piptoporus betulinus): the Iceman's polypore fungus with modern biotechnological potential. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2017;33(5):83.
- Pleszczyńska M, et al. Cultivation and utility of Piptoporus betulinus fruiting bodies as a source of anticancer agents. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2016;32(9):151.
- Sułkowska-Ziaja K, et al. Chemical composition and biological activity of extracts from fruiting bodies and mycelial cultures of Fomitopsis betulina. Mol Biol Rep. 2018;45(6):2535-2544.
- Grunewald F, et al. Effects of birch polypore mushroom, Piptoporus betulinus (agaricomycetes), the "Iceman's fungus", on human immune cells. Int J Med Mushrooms. 2018;20(12):1135-1147.
- Jayachandran M, et al. A critical review on health promoting benefits of edible mushrooms through gut microbiota. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(9):1934.
†Results may vary. Information and statements made are for education purposes and are not intended to replace the advice of your doctor. If you have a severe medical condition or health concern, see your physician.
